See top in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toppyng"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "top"
},
"expansion": "English: top",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: top"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "top",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: top",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: top"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Top",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Top",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Top"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tốp",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: tốp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: tốp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tap"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tap"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "topp"
},
"expansion": "Old English topp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*topp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *topp",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English topp, toppa, from Proto-West Germanic *topp.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "top",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toppes"
},
"expansion": "top (plural toppes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 6 5 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "enm:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"The peak of a mountain or other landform."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-PdM1Bq2l",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 6 5 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "enm:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-bYj9WJIs",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 11 4 3 38 3 2 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "enm:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 6 5 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "enm:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"A lid or cap; a removable top or topping."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-LPcQtkjf",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 6 5 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "enm:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"The head, especially its top or the hair on its top."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-RhxJLie5",
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 16 16 16 6 5 2 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "enm:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small deck at the dop of a ship's sails."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-a3aZKAxa",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"deck",
"deck"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 11 4 3 38 3 2 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "enm:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 9 9 3 40 2 2 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "enm:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cluster or bunch of fibres; a tassel."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-85FWtaJi"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 9 6 14 11 27 2 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Toys",
"orig": "enm:Toys",
"parents": [
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A top or whirligig (spinning toy)"
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-9rmvChc~"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The start or introduction of something."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-wFw8ulxx",
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"introduction",
"introduction"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 16 6 2 21 3 1 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 11 4 3 38 3 2 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "enm:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 11 5 10 18 15 2 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 11 9 4 18 5 2 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Roofing",
"orig": "enm:Roofing",
"parents": [
"Construction",
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in."
],
"id": "en-top-enm-noun-9pdLUs9U",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔp/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔːp/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toppe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tope"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toop"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 29 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body parts",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Hair",
"enm:Roofing",
"enm:Ship parts",
"enm:Toys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toppen"
},
{
"word": "toppyng"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "top"
},
"expansion": "English: top",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: top"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "top",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: top",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: top"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Top",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Top",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Top"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tốp",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: tốp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: tốp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tap"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tap"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "topp"
},
"expansion": "Old English topp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*topp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *topp",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English topp, toppa, from Proto-West Germanic *topp.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "top",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "toppes"
},
"expansion": "top (plural toppes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"The peak of a mountain or other landform."
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence."
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"A lid or cap; a removable top or topping."
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:",
"The head, especially its top or the hair on its top."
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top#English"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small deck at the dop of a ship's sails."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"deck",
"deck"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cluster or bunch of fibres; a tassel."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A top or whirligig (spinning toy)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The start or introduction of something."
],
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"introduction",
"introduction"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔp/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔːp/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "toppe"
},
{
"word": "topp"
},
{
"word": "tope"
},
{
"word": "toop"
}
],
"word": "top"
}
Download raw JSONL data for top meaning in Middle English (3.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.